Galapagos Species Database

Taxon category: Accepted

Syn.: Plumularia alternata Nutting, 1900 (Horton et al., 2021).

Origin: Introduced - established

IUCN Red List Category: Not evaluated

Year of first record: 2016

Mode of introduction: Accidental

Introduction Pathway: Stowaway

Subpathway: Ship hull

Introduced status: Naturalized

Invasive status: Under watch

Map of specimen collection localities or observation records for this species in our collections database.

Distribution: (P. alternata Nutting, 1900) Mexico (Isabel I), Colombia, Panama and Ecuador in Santa Elena Bay and Galapagos Islands in Wolf I, Floreana (Black beach) (Calder et al., 2003; Fraser, 1938) Western Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, eastern Pacific, Tropical Eastern Pacific, Ecuador: Salinas, Galapagos Islands: Santa Cruz (Calder et al., 2021).

• Calder, D.R. Carlton, J. T., Keith, I., Larson, K., McCann, L., Geller, J., Wheelock, M., Choong, H. H. C., & Ruiz, G. M. (2021) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, hydrozoa) of marine fouling communities on the mainland of ecuador and in the galapagos islands Aquatic Invasions, 16(2), 208–252. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2021.16.2.02
• Calder, D.R. Carlton, J. T., Larson, K., Mallinson, J. J., Choong, H. H. C., Keith, I., & Ruiz, G. M (2019) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador Aquatic Invasions (2019) Volume 14, Issue 1: 21–58
• Calder, D.R. Mallinson, J.J., Collins, K. & Hickman, C.P. (2003) Additions to the Hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galapagos, with a List of Species Reported from the Islands. J. Nat. Hist. 37:1173-1218.
• Carlton, J. T. Keith, I., & Ruiz, G. M. (2019) Assessing marine bioinvasions in the Galápagos islands: Implications for conservation biology and marine protected areas. Aquatic Invasions, 14(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.1.01
• Fraser, C.M. (1939) Distribution of the hydroids in the collections of the Allan Hancock Expeditions. Fraser, M. (1939). Distribution of the hydroids in the collections of the Allan Hancock Expeditions. In Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. (Vol. 4, pp. 155–178).
• Horton, T. Horton, T., Kroh, A., Ahyong, S., Bailly, N., Boyko, C. B., Brandão, S. N., Gofas, S., Hooper, J. N. A., Hernandez, F., Holovachov, O., Mees, J., Molodtsova, T. N., Paulay, G., Decock, W., Dekeyzer, S., Poffyn, G., Vandepitte, L., Vanhoorne, B., Adlard, R., ... Zhao, Z. (2021) World Register of Marine Species. Available from https://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ.